ReviewCureus2026
Cleft Lip and Palate Associated With the Phonetic Function: A Systematic Review.
Review in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
- Retraction · 2026-05-18Error in Data · Error in Methods · Investigation by Journal/Publisher ·
- Retracted
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cleft lip and palate (CLP) are congenital malformations of the craniofacial complex that disrupt the structure and function of the stomatognathic system, particularly articulation and phonation. These anatomical abnormalities affect pressure consonants and resonance balance, often resulting in impaired phoneme production and varying degrees of nasality. Understanding how CLP affects speech is essential for guiding rehabilitation and designing targeted early interventions. This systematic review aimed to identify the most frequently affected speech phonemes and determine the degree of nasality in patients with CLP. A literature search covering the last 10 years (2015-2025) was conducted using PubMed, SciELO, and Scopus. A total of 484 articles were identified, of which 20 met the inclusion criteria. The most affected phonemes across languages were /k/, /p/, and /t/, all voiceless stop consonants. Most patients exhibited mild nasality; however, a consistent association was observed between delayed reconstructive surgery and increased nasality severity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.