Trial reportDrug design, development and therapy2026
Nalbuphine as a Bridge to Delayed Epidural Analgesia: A Randomized Trial on First-Stage Labor Duration.
Trial report in Drug design, development and therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: The present study aimed to investigate whether nalbuphine-assisted delayed epidural analgesia, as compared with early epidural analgesia, exerts an effect on the duration of the first stage of labor in nulliparous women. Patients and Methods: A total of 120 nulliparous women were enrolled in the final statistical analysis between July 2024 and March 2025. Participants were randomly allocated to either the Early Epidural Analgesia group (normal saline control, NS group) or the Delayed Epidural Analgesia group (nalbuphine-assisted, NB group). The primary outcome measure was the duration of the first stage of labor. Results: The Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis demonstrated that the duration of the first stage of labor was significantly shorter in the nalbuphine group than in the normal saline group (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.629, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.082-2.455, P < 0.05), indicating a statistically significant difference. No between-group statistical differences were observed in the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage, oxytocin administration rate, labor induction methods, episiotomy rate, amniotic fluid contamination, maternal fever, nausea, vomiting, or cesarean section rate. Conclusion: For nulliparous women, nalbuphine-assisted delayed epidural analgesia can shorten the duration of the first stage of labor compared with early epidural analgesia (administered at cervical dilation ≤ 3 cm).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.