ArticleFrontiers in pharmacology2026
Thymoquinone combined with conventional antibiotics against pandrug-resistant
Article in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Infections with pandrug-resistant (PDR) Methods: Pharmacodynamic interactions between TQ or Results: Both TQ and individual antibacterials initially exhibited MIC values consistent with bacterial resistance. However, when TQ was combined with ciprofloxacin and one of azithromycin, clindamycin, gentamicin or amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, a marked pharma-codynamic enhancement was observed leading to 8 to 10-fold reductions in TQ-MICs. These combinations successfully restored antibacterial activity as evidenced by fractional inhibitory concentration index values ranging from 0.0002 to 0.01. Additionally, TQ contributed to the prevention of antagonistic interactions between certain dual antibacterial pairings. The combination interactions were closely associated with downregulation of Conclusion: Pharmacodynamic interactions in
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