Public open spaces and well-being: a comparative study of migrant and local older adults in Dongguan.

Introduction: As China faces the growing challenges of population aging, understanding the subjective well-being of older adults has become increasingly important. This study examines the role of public open spaces in shaping the social well-being of older adults, with particular attention to the environmental adaptability and vulnerability of migrant older adults. Specifically, it compares the subjective well-being of migrant and local older adults and explores how access to and use of public open spaces influence their overall well-being. Methods: A mixed-methods approach was adopted. A total of 325 neighborhood-based interviews were conducted in Dongguan. Qualitative data were analyzed using NVivo 12.0 for thematic coding to identify key dimensions affecting subjective well-being. Results: The findings indicate a generally high level of subjective well-being among older adults; however, local residents reported more positive evaluations than migrant older adults. Public safety, environmental cleanliness, and accessibility were identified as major factors influencing well-being. In contrast, challenges related to modern information technology systems and recreational facilities varied between migrant and local groups. Discussion: The results highlight the critical role of public open spaces in promoting social participation and enhancing the well-being of older adults. These findings provide important implications for urban planning and public policy, emphasizing the need to develop inclusive, age-friendly environments that support both well-being and social integration in urban contexts.