ArticleFrontiers in neuroinformatics2026
CycleGAN models show consistent brain MRI synthesis across datasets supporting downstream tissue characterization in multiple sclerosis.
Article in Frontiers in neuroinformatics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Three-Dimensional Deep Learning with Routine Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Clinical Data for Identification of Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- NeuroFAIR curator: an AI-assisted framework for metadata enrichment, quality screening, curation prioritization, and FAIR readiness of brain tumor MRI data.Frontiers in neuroinformatics · 2026Article
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Abstract
Background: Secondary quantitative analysis of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide valuable information for many neurological diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS), but it demands complete datasets that are often unavailable clinically. We investigated how image synthesis via deep learning using cycle-consistent generative adversarial networks (CycleGANs) compared with Pix2Pix as a related method, based on T1-weighted and T2-weighted brain MRI in MS, following verification on two streamlined datasets. The synthesized images were also evaluated against the source data. Methods: The streamlined datasets involved 1,113 healthy participants from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) and 318 participants from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI). The MS cohort in this study included 105 participants scanned with different protocols. Image synthesis was bidirectional between T1- and T2-weighted MRI using CycleGAN with and without spectral normalization, as well as Pix2Pix. Utility testing focused on T1-weighted MRI that was most often unavailable in MS, and that involved lesion detection, brain volumetry, and lesion texture analysis. Results: All CycleGAN models performed competitively, while Pix2Pix performed better, mostly with streamlined datasets ( Conclusion: CycleGAN without spectral normalization appeared feasible for synthesizing common clinical brain MRI, including T1-weighted images usable for subsequent quantitative analysis in MS.
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