Comparative study of open versus robotic radical prostatectomy in renal transplant recipients and review of the literature.

Background: Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men, including renal transplant recipients (RTRs), who are becoming more numerous owing to improvements in transplant outcomes. Although radical prostatectomy (RP) remains a common curative procedure, RTRs present unique surgical challenges due to their altered pelvic anatomy and the need for immunosuppression. This study aimed to compare the perioperative, oncological, and functional outcomes of open radical prostatectomy (ORP) and robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) performed by two skilled surgeons on RTRs. Materials and methods: Nineteen RTRs with localized prostate cancer who underwent RP between 1997 and 2023 were included in this retrospective, monocentric study. The patients were divided into two groups: RARP ( Results: Patients in The ORP group were older when they received their transplants. Significantly less blood loss was associated with RARP (median: 50 mL vs. 500 mL, Conclusions: RTRs can benefit from both ORP and RARP, with RARP showing advantages in terms of postoperative recovery and blood conservation. Robotic surgery may increase perioperative safety while maintaining oncological outcomes. To confirm these results and assess more recent surgical techniques developed specifically for RTRs, larger prospective studies are required.