Novel Strategies for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Prostate Cancer Based on Multifunctional Nanocarrier Systems.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignancies in men worldwide, and its current diagnostic and therapeutic methods still face severe challenges in terms of specificity, efficacy, and toxicity. The emergence of nanotechnology provides a powerful platform to overcome these obstacles. Through the design of sophisticated nanocarriers, targeted delivery and controlled release of therapeutic agents, as well as the synergy of multiple treatment modalities, can be achieved, thereby significantly improving efficacy and reducing side effects. Meanwhile, nanotechnology shows great potential in developing highly sensitive diagnostic tools and theranostic platforms, laying the foundation for early detection and precise treatment of PCa. Although challenges such as scalability and safety remain to be addressed before clinical translation, nanotechnology is undoubtedly reshaping the landscape of PCa management and driving the field towards personalized medicine. This review aims to provide a systematic overview of significant advancements in nanotechnology for the diagnosis and treatment of PCa over the past three years. It focuses on innovative research in novel nanocarrier design, targeting strategies, and the construction of integrated diagnostic and therapeutic platforms. Furthermore, current challenges and future directions for clinical translation are discussed, with the aim of offering valuable insights and references for researchers and clinicians in this field.