ArticleDiabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy2026
Association Between Thyroid Hormone Sensitivity and Peripheral Arterial Disease in Euthyroid Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.
Article in Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: This study explored the relationship between thyroid hormone sensitivity and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with euthyroid, in order to identify potential factors for preventing PAD. Patients and Methods: A retrospective examination was conducted on 491 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with euthyroid between October 2021 and June 2024. Based on an ankle-brachial index (ABI) ≤ 1.0, subjects were categorized into two distinct cohorts: PAD group (n = 147) and no peripheral arterial disease (NPAD) group (n = 344). In order to evaluate their responsiveness to thyroid hormone, we calculated several indexes: thyroid feedback quantile-based index (TFQI), thyroid-stimulating hormone index (TSHI), thyrotroph T4 resistance index (TT4RI), and free triiodothyronine/free thyroxine (FT3/FT4). Then we conducted multivariate logistic regression analysis and the analysis of the operating characteristic curve of the subjects to determine the accuracy of these indicators in predicting PAD. Results: Significant differences were observed in thyroid hormone sensitivity indices across the PAD and NPAD groups. Logistic regression, adjusted for various covariates, identified higher thyroid hormone sensitivity indices (TFQI, TSHI, and TT4RI) and lower FT3/FT4 as predictive of PAD. Moreover, Spearman correlation analysis confirmed these findings, demonstrating positive associations between TFQI, TSHI, TT4RI and PAD, while the FT3/FT4 ratio showed an inverse relationship with the condition. The integrated thyroid sensitivity indices model (covariate-adjusted) achieved a PAD prediction AUC of 0.628 (95% CI 0.575-0.691), featuring 55.5% specificity and 63.9% sensitivity. Conclusion: Reduced central and peripheral thyroid hormone sensitivity independently predicts PAD risk in T2DM patients with euthyroid.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.