ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2026
Informing the Value of "Boosting" Immunocompetent Adults based on Immune Responses Among US Service Members to SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Late 2024.
Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
18 authors.
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Abstract
Background: COVID-19 remains a global biothreat because of new immune-evasive SARS-CoV-2 variants, heterogeneous immunity, and evolving vaccine recommendations. Methods: In this cross-sectional study conducted in September 2024, we evaluated the adaptive immune responses in immunocompetent US active-duty personnel who completed a COVID-19 primary vaccine series but had variable subsequent vaccination and infection histories. We compared responses to 4 circulating variants (JN.1, KP.2, KP.3, LB.1) versus 2 previous dominant vaccine variants (BA.5, XBB.1.5). Analyses were performed based on timing (within or beyond 12 months from enrollment) and type of the most recent exposure, defined as either a COVID-19 vaccination or natural infection. Results: A total of 317 participants were enrolled over 4 weeks in Japan. Significant reduction was observed in receptor binding domain- and spike-specific binding antibodies, neutralization antibodies, antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity activity, memory B cells, and CD8 Conclusions: Administration of COVID-19 boosters is likely to enhance cross-reactive humoral responses against SARS-CoV-2 circulating variants, potentially facilitating protection from infection and fewer missed work days among military populations. Ongoing surveillance is needed to inform future vaccine composition, timing of administration, and targeted populations to maximize protective benefits.
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