A Case of Refractory Panuveitis with Coexisting Spondyloarthritis Successfully Treated with Tofacitinib.

Introduction: Non-infectious uveitis is commonly treated with corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and, recently, TNF inhibitors. However, some patients do not achieve adequate control of uveitis with these drugs. This report presents a case of panuveitis with coexisting spondyloarthritis (SpA) in which both TNF and interleukin-17 (IL-17) inhibitors failed to control uveitis, but tofacitinib, a Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor, was effective in treating uveitis. Case Presentation: A 54-year-old woman visited our hospital with a complaint of blurred vision in her left eye. A small retinal exudate in the inferonasal region in the right eye and 2+ vitreous haze in the left eye were seen. Systemic examinations were performed, but no abnormal findings were detected. The patient subsequently had frequent ocular inflammatory recurrences; thus, Behçet's disease was suspected, although no characteristic extraocular symptoms were noted. In addition to colchicine, adalimumab was administered, but the patient still showed frequent ocular inflammatory attacks. The patient subsequently developed arthritis and was diagnosed with axial SpA. Despite treatment with infliximab (TNF alpha inhibitor) or secukinumab (IL-17 inhibitor), ocular inflammatory attacks persisted, resulting in decreased visual acuity attributed to complicated cataracts. After cataract surgery, oral tofacitinib, a JAK inhibitor, was initiated. Afterward, ocular attacks did not occur for more than 3 years, and her visual acuity remained at 1.0 in both eyes. Conclusion: We examined a case of panuveitis with coexisting SpA refractory to TNF inhibitor and IL-17 inhibitor, in which JAK inhibitor was successfully effective. JAK inhibitors may be useful for some patients with refractory uveitis.