In one paragraphSynthesis in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
2 · The registryThe trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
3 · Its place in the literatureWho cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
4 · The recordCorrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
5 · Who and what moneyAuthors and funding
15 authors.
Tae Kyu ChungDepartment of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California, SanFrancisco, San Francisco, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1231-4280 Eunsol YangDepartment of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California, SanFrancisco, San Francisco, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2581-349X Maureen ShinDepartment of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California, SanFrancisco, San Francisco, California, USA.ORCID 0009-0009-2590-5723 Belen P SolansDepartment of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California, SanFrancisco, San Francisco, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4621-5480 Xujia ZhouDepartment of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California, SanFrancisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Sejung HwangDepartment of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California, SanFrancisco, San Francisco, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0154-5777 Michael C YoonDepartment of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California, SanFrancisco, San Francisco, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2900-5257 Dvijen PurohitDepartment of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California, SanFrancisco, San Francisco, California, USA.ORCID 0009-0008-6185-4380 Dongsheng YangDepartment of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California, SanFrancisco, San Francisco, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9473-2744 Samer MouksassiDepartment of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California, SanFrancisco, San Francisco, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7152-6654 Agathe BérangerDepartment of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California, SanFrancisco, San Francisco, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9751-8249 Adrie BekkerDepartment of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
Awewura KwaraDivision of Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Navarat PanjasawatwongDepartment of Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Payap University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.ORCID 0009-0007-7433-9858 Radojka M SavicDepartment of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California, SanFrancisco, San Francisco, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3143-5579 Funding
Preclinical Design and Clinical Translation of TB Regimens (PReDicTR) ConsortiumUM1AI179699 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Kelly E. Dooley, ERIC L NUERMBERGER · 2024 to 2026
$22.2MCLINICAL, PHARMACOLOGY, DRUG ACTION &PHARMACOKINETICST32GM007546 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Radojka Savic · 1985 to 2026
$8.9MIdentifying Optimal Treatment Strategies for Tuberculosis TreatmentR01AI135124 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI ALLAND, DAVID, SAVIC, RADOJKA · 2019 to 2023
$3.8MCavity and Granuloma Oriented Inflammation and Tissue Pharmacokinetics in Pulmonary Tuberculosis (COOK TB)R01AI173946 · NIAID · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI Russell Ryan Kempker, Brendan Prideaux · 2023 to 2026
$3.1MShort-course rifapentine for TB prevention for all: clinical pharmacology mattersR37AI184117 · NIAID · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI DOOLEY, KELLY E. · 2024 to 2025
$1.7MDiagnosis of tuberculosis and monitoring of treatment via RNA liquid biopsyR01AI192977 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Adithya Cattamanchi, Iwijn De Vlaminck · 2025 to 2026
$1.5MPoint-of-care pharmacogenomic testing to optimize isoniazid dosing for tuberculosis preventionR21AI172182 · NIAID · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI ANDREWS, JASON RANDOLPH, CRODA, JULIO HENRIQUE ROSA · 2022 to 2023
$422kBill & Melinda Gates Foundation INV-002483Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation INV-002483Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation INV-025785Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation INV-025786Chan Zuckerberg InitiativeInnovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking EU101007873Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking UNITE4TBNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases R01 AI135124National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases R01 AI173946National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases R01 AI192977National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases R21 AI172182National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases R37 AI184117National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases UM1 AI179699National Research Service T32 GM07546NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI135124NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI173946NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI192977NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI172182NIAID NIH HHS R37 AI184117NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI179699NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM007546NIH HHS UM1AI179699TB Alliance 941432024TB Alliance ARPA-H-AY1AX000035USAID 7200AA22CA00005
6 · The paper itselfAbstract
backgroundTuberculosis affects over one million children annually. Ethambutol (EMB) is a key component of first-line therapy, but comprehensive pediatric pharmacokinetic studies have been lacking.
methodsEMB concentrations and individual-level patient data from 3 studies were analyzed using nonlinear mixed effects modeling. Simulations compared current World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended doses and model-informed optimized doses. Target exposure distribution (area under the curve, 13.8-17.7 mg·h/L), which had been previously established in adult clinical trials, guided dose optimization.
resultsA total of 220 participants (0.2-15 years; 3.6 and 43.0 kg) contributed 1085 plasma EMB concentrations for model development. Weight effects were incorporated for clearance (CL), intercompartmental CL, and volumes of distribution in central and peripheral compartments. Age affected CL through a maturation function. Simulations indicated children weighing <25 kg had median exposures below target exposure distribution at current WHO-recommended doses. Optimized weight-band dosing would increase doses in approximately 40.5% of the patients, with an additional 5% potentially benefiting.
conclusionsOur individual patient data meta-analysis supports the revision of current pediatric EMB dosing guidelines for the treatment of tuberculosis. Our findings aim to ensure adequate drug exposure across all pediatric weight bands, while also accounting for toxicity and challenges related to formulation implementation and adherence.
Indexed as
Antitubercular AgentsEthambutolTuberculosisAdolescentChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansInfantMaleAntitubercular AgentsEthambutolglobal healthindividual patient data meta-analysispediatricspopulation pharmacokineticstuberculosis
Identifiers
PMID41906661
PMCPMC13600441
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