Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41906526›Full record

ArticleDiabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association2026

Exploring inequities in access to diabetes technologies among children and young people with type 1 diabetes: Perspectives of parents and young people from ethnic minority groups and low socio-economic areas.

Eda Tonga, Mark Evans, Nick Oliver, Sze May Ng, Natalie Darko

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Eda TongaDiabetes Research Centre, Division of Global Lifestyle and Metabolic Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
Mark EvansInstitute of Metabolic Science and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Nick OliverImperial College, London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3525-3633
Sze May NgFaculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK.
Natalie DarkoDiabetes Research Centre, Division of Global Lifestyle and Metabolic Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6384-9269

Funding

Diabetes UK
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsAccess to diabetes technology in the UK is significantly influenced by socio-economic status, ethnicity, and systemic healthcare inequities. This study investigates barriers faced by children and young people (CYP) from ethnic minority backgrounds and/or low socio-economic areas in accessing diabetes technologies, alongside strategies for equitable improvements.

methodsOnline semi-structured interviews were conducted across the UK with parents and caregivers of CYP (aged 2-17 years) with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and young people (aged 14-17 years) from ethnic minority groups and low socio-economic areas. Participants were recruited via purposive sampling. Interviews were transcribed, coded, and analysed using a thematic reflexive analysis in QSR NVivo12.

resultsThirty-two participants were included in the study. Of these, 27 triad interviews were completed involving parents and CYP, along with an additional five triad interviews led by young people. The majority of parents and CYP identified as being from Black African ethnic minority groups (72%), 13% were from Other Black ethnic groups, and a smaller proportion were from Asian minority groups, (8%) and Other ethnic minority groups (6%). Key themes included barriers to accessibility (e.g., financial, linguistic, and geographic challenges), variability in education and service provision, intersectional barriers (e.g., race and socio-economic status), and the need for improved communication and trust with healthcare professionals. The findings highlight the persistent inequities in diabetes technology access among underserved groups.

conclusionBarriers to diabetes technology access for CYP from ethnic minority backgrounds and low socio-economic areas stem from an interplay of systemic inequities, cultural and linguistic challenges, and financial constraints. This study highlights the need for systemic reforms, including culturally tailored and standardised education programmes alongside equitable resource distribution, to address these barriers.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1EthnicityHealthcare DisparitiesHealth Services AccessibilityMinority GroupsAdolescentChildChild, PreschoolDigital HealthFemaleHumansLow Socioeconomic StatusMaleParentsSocioeconomic Disparities in HealthSocioeconomic Factorschildren and young peoplediabetes technologyequityethnic minorityinequalityqualitative researchtype 1 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID41906526
PMCPMC13257907

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.