Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41906356›Full record

ArticlePersonality and mental health2026

Personality Pathology and Functional Outcomes During Pharmacological Treatment of Adult ADHD.

Peter Jacobsson, Elin Palage, Christopher J Hopwood, Bo Söderpalm, Robert F Krueger, Viktor Tasselius, Thomas Nilsson

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Article in Personality and mental health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

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No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Peter JacobssonDepartment of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
Elin PalagePsychiatry Halland, Region Halland, Sweden.
Christopher J HopwoodUniversity of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-6645-8645
Bo SöderpalmDepartment of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
Robert F KruegerDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9127-5509
Viktor TasseliusSchool of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
Thomas NilssonCentre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health (CELAM), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Adults with ADHD show substantial variability in response to pharmacological treatment, and comorbid personality pathology may help explain why symptom improvement often fails to translate into meaningful functional improvement. This naturalistic longitudinal study examined whether dimensional personality pathology predicts symptomatic and functional outcomes during routine stimulant treatment. A total of 246 adults with ADHD (66% women; mean age = 33.5) contributed repeated assessments over irregular follow-up intervals, with substantial attrition across waves. Linear mixed-effects models were used to accommodate unbalanced repeated measures. Linear mixed-effects models indicated that higher personality dysfunction was strongly associated with less improvement in functioning (β = 0.44, p < 0.001) and more persistent ADHD symptoms (β = 0.20, p < 0.001), independent of stimulant dose and time in treatment. Negative affectivity, detachment, psychoticism, and disinhibition were the maladaptive trait domains most consistently linked to poorer functional outcomes, whereas disinhibition showed the strongest association with residual ADHD symptom burden. Medication-related effects were modest in comparison. These findings identify personality pathology as a clinically relevant source of heterogeneity in adult ADHD treatment response and support routine assessment of personality functioning to inform clinical decision-making.

Indexed as

Attention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityCentral Nervous System StimulantsPersonality DisordersAdultFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedTreatment Effect HeterogeneityTreatment OutcomeCentral Nervous System Stimulantsadult ADHDAMPDdimensional personality pathologyfunctional impairmentICD‐11pharmacologystimulant treatmenttreatment response

Identifiers

PMID41906356
PMCPMC13033909

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.