ArticleParasites & vectors2026
First record of Phlebotomus (Larroussius) orientalis (Parrot, 1936) (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Israel: phylogeographic placement and implications for leishmaniasis surveillance.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPhlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) are the principal vectors of Leishmania spp., the causative agents of leishmaniasis. Since 2008, the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Environmental Protection of Israel have conducted nationwide, periodic sand fly surveys. Initially, these surveys focused on localities with known endemic transmission of cutaneous leishmaniasis, but in recent years, entomological trapping has expanded to areas where prior information on sand flies was unavailable. Here we report the first confirmed occurrence of Phlebotomus (Larroussius) orientalis (Parrot, 1936) in Israel and place the Israeli material in a comparative phylogeographic context.
methodsEntomological surveys by CO
resultsTargeted surveys and routine surveillance in the Negev region between 2020 and 2024 yielded 269 Phlebotomus orientalis (96 males, 173 females) among other species of local sand fly fauna from multiple wadi systems in the central Negev. These detections constitute the first confirmed records of Ph. orientalis in Israel. Species identification was confirmed through both morphological examination and molecular analyses of partial COI and Cytb/NADH1 genes. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the Israeli Ph. orientalis specimens constitute a distinct lineage that diverged from East African conspecifics during the Early to Middle Pleistocene. Blood-meal analysis of engorged Ph. orientalis females identified the European hare as a vertebrate host, and none of the tested Ph. orientalis specimens were positive for Leishmania DNA.
conclusionsPhlebotomus orientalis is a confirmed vector of L. donovani, the main agent of visceral leishmaniasis in East Africa. Its detection as a distinct and apparently long-established lineage in the Negev, in a region where parasites of the L. donovani complex are already involved in cutaneous leishmaniasis transmission, highlights the need to clarify the distribution, ecology, and host preferences of Ph. orientalis in Israel. Further studies are required to characterize its spatial and seasonal occurrence, evaluate its vector competence for L. donovani and L. infantum, and assess its potential contribution to current and future leishmaniasis transmission risks.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.