ArticleBMC oral health2026
The role of frequency and severity in measuring oral health-related quality of life: a cross-sectional study with a test-retest subsample in general and clinical populations.
Article in BMC oral health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWe explored three key aspects of the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI): consistency of recalling the presence of problems across time intervals; test–retest reliability of frequency ratings; and the extent to which problem severity, frequency, and their combination explain general health-related quality of life (GHRQoL). MATERIALS AND
methodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted in Budapest between May 2023 and February 2024 in urban clinical and community settings, recruiting a mixed sample (n = 306) with diverse oral health status. GOHAI was re-administered after one week to 108 participants with stable oral health. When participants reported problems on any GOHAI item, they were asked whether these occurred in the past week, the past month, or whether they had persisted for more than three months. Recall inconsistencies were assessed across five time categories. Rating consistency was compared across three scenarios with different frequency response options. We also examined how problem severity and frequency contribute to OHRQoL: we predicted GHRQoL (EQ VAS) via frequency-based (GOHAI or OHIP-14) and severity-based (Oral Health Single-Question; OH-SQ) OHRQoL measures using multiple regression.
resultsAt least one problem was reported by 88.6% of respondents, and frequency ratings showed 15.4% inconsistency in the retest sample. Recall inconsistency ranged between 7.4% and 11.0% across time intervals and was lowest when no problems were present. Simple count ratings and the “presence within 3 months” criterion were more consistent than five-level frequency ratings. Compared to demographics alone (R² = 0.112), adding ADD-GOHAI improved EQ VAS prediction (R2 = 0.207, ΔR² = 0.095, p < 0.001), and adding OH-SQ further increased explained variance (R² = 0.267, ΔR² = 0.155; p < 0.001).
conclusionReducing response options and combining frequency- and severity ratings may enhance reliability and sensitivity. A one-week recall period appears optimal. These findings support the development of streamlined, patient-centered OHRQoL instruments.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.