Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41906004›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Comparative analysis of different biophysical techniques for exosome characterization.

Xiaojuan Yu, Zhaoxing Wang, Ruifeng Zhang, Wenli Guo, Qing Chang, Wendan Chu, Chengshi Zeng, Lan Wang, Chuanfei Yu, Wenqi Li

Abstract readComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Xiaojuan Yu *State Key Laboratory of Drug Regulatory Science, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, China.
Zhaoxing Wang *Core Facility for Biomolecule Preparation and Characterization, Technology Center for Protein Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Ruifeng ZhangCore Facility for Biomolecule Preparation and Characterization, Technology Center for Protein Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Wenli GuoCore Facility for Biomolecule Preparation and Characterization, Technology Center for Protein Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Qing ChangCore Facility for Biomolecule Preparation and Characterization, Technology Center for Protein Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Wendan ChuCore Facility for Biomolecule Preparation and Characterization, Technology Center for Protein Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Chengshi ZengBeijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Lan WangState Key Laboratory of Drug Regulatory Science, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, China. wanglan@nifdc.org.cn.
Chuanfei YuState Key Laboratory of Drug Regulatory Science, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, China. yucf@nifdc.org.cn.
Wenqi LiCore Facility for Biomolecule Preparation and Characterization, Technology Center for Protein Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. liwenqi@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn.

Funding

National Drug Standard Development and Revision Research Project 2024S04The State Key Laboratory of Drug Regulatory Science Project 2025SKLDRS0318
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Exosomes, as key mediators of intercellular communication, have demonstrated great potential in drug delivery. However, their accurate characterization remains challenging due to their complex physical properties. This study purified exosomes from milk and human urine using ultracentrifugation and the EXODUS systems and systematically compared several biophysical techniques to characterize them, including dynamic light scattering (DLS), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), NanoCoulter technology, and analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC). DLS was found to be suitable for the rapid preliminary assessment of homogeneous samples but it is sensitive to large particles and has limited repeatability. NTA provides better resolution of particle size distribution and dynamic changes. NanoCoulter offers absolute particle concentration but is constrained by its detection range, and AUC demonstrates unique advantages in assessing sample purity using sedimentation behavior and UV absorption. The study findings suggest that a single technique is insufficient for comprehensive exosome characterization. Integrating multiple methods for orthogonal validation may help to establish a more reliable exosome characterization system.

Indexed as

ExosomesAnimalsDynamic Light ScatteringHumansMilk, HumanNanoparticlesParticle SizeUltracentrifugationAnalytical ultracentrifugationCharacterizationDynamic light scatteringExosomesNanoparticle tracking analysisUltracentrifugation

Identifiers

PMID41906004
PMCPMC13039531

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.