Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41905964›Full record

ReviewJournal of inherited metabolic disease2026

Metabolism Controls the Timing of Human Brain Development and Maturation.

Valentina Rava, Erica Cannone, Maura Francolini, Elena Taverna

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of inherited metabolic disease, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Valentina RavaHuman Technopole, Milan, Italy.
Erica CannoneDepartment of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
Maura FrancoliniDepartment of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
Elena TavernaHuman Technopole, Milan, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Among primates the human brain is the largest in size, exhibiting a higher neuronal density and connectivity. The prolonged expansion and subsequent connectome reorganization of the human brain have been suggested to promote higher cognitive and behavioral abilities. The notable variations in cognitive functions between human and nonhuman primates do not exclusively reside in neuronal abundance and connectivity but are also linked to a higher complexity in glial cells' morphology and functions at earlier time points, during embryonic brain development. Here we discuss two features of the human brain and their reciprocal connection. One feature is the high metabolic need of the developing and adult human brain. The other is its prolonged maturation, also known as neoteny. Even though the human brain occupies only a small percentage of the body mass, it is the highest consumer of glucose and oxygen. Among all brain cells, neurons have a great energy demand. Comparative studies suggest that increased glucose consumption and energy metabolism are positively correlated with higher cognitive abilities in humans. In line with the essential role of metabolism as a regulator of brain functions, recent breakthrough works have uncovered the correlation between metabolism and the timing of brain and neuron maturation during evolution. In this review, we specifically focus on the role of time in the evolution of the human brain and its synapses, focusing on the involvement of tissue, cellular, and subcellular metabolism.

Indexed as

BrainEnergy MetabolismAnimalsCognitionGlucoseHumansNeurodevelopmentNeuronsSynapsesGlucose

Identifiers

PMID41905964
PMCPMC13033476

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.