PGA-TMC/PTMC/nHA composite membrane with synergistic barrier and osteogenic functions for enhanced bone defect regeneration.

Balancing mechanical strength, controllability of degradation and bioactivities, remains a significant challenge for absorbable barrier membranes in guided bone regeneration (GBR) for the treatment of bone defects. To overcome these limitations, a novel absorbable synthetic PGA-TMC/PTMC/nHA (PGTTH) barrier membrane was developed using electrospinning technology to prolong barrier duration and promote rapid bone repair. The PGTTH membrane integrates three functional components in a one-step fabrication process: a poly (glycolic acid-co-trimethylene cabonate) (PGA-TMC) copolymer matrix providing mechanical integrity, polytrimethylene carbonate (PTMC) imparting flexibility and a slow, linear degradation profile to ensure long-term structural stability, nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) delivering bioactive ions to enhance osteogenesis and biomineralization. To systematically evaluate the performance of the PGTTH membrane, mechanical characterization and in vitro degradation tests confirmed that the membrane exhibits appropriate mechanical properties and a slow degradation profile, thereby demonstrating its ability to maintain structural space over an extended period. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that the PGTTH membrane significantly promotes cell adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation. In conclusion, this study not only presents a promising GBR barrier membrane material with potential for clinical application, but also offers a new design strategy and experimental basis for developing absorbable membranes that combine excellent barrier functionality with osteoinductive capacity.