ArticleNPJ vaccines2026
Non-propagating RNA virus-vectored HA/NA vaccine prevents shedding of antigen-drifted H1N1 influenza virus in pigs.
Article in NPJ vaccines, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Seasonal influenza viruses evade immunity through antigenic drift, enabling escape from inhibitory antibodies targeting hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). In this study, we evaluated a non-propagating vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) vector encoding HA and NA antigens of A/Hamburg/4/2009 (H1N1) in a porcine animal model to assess induction of cross-reactive immunity. A single intramuscular immunization elicited high titers of H1N1-neutralizing antibodies and potent N1-sialidase inhibition. A boost with the same single-cycle VSV-vectored H1/N1 antigens or with a live-attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) enhanced inhibitory activity against the antigen-drifted A/Victoria/2570/2019 (H1N1) strain. Vaccination induced N1-specific antibodies that also inhibited avian N1 sialidase and suppressed replication of a bovine-derived H5N1 virus in vitro. Following nasal challenge with a 6:2 reassortant virus encoding drifted HA and NA antigens, vaccinated pigs showed no detectable virus shedding, whereas control animals shed infectious virus. Homologous prime-boost vaccination with the VSV-vectored H1/N1 antigens conferred protection comparable to the heterologous VSV/LAIV regimen in the upper respiratory tract. These findings demonstrate that a single-cycle VSV vector encoding both HA and NA induces cross-protective immunity against antigen-drifted influenza viruses, reduces the risk of vaccine mismatch, and may limit infection by zoonotic H5N1 viruses.
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