Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41904144›Full record

ArticleNature communications2026

Small-molecule binding and sensing with a designed protein family.

Gyu Rie Lee, Samuel J Pellock, Christoffer Norn, Doug Tischer, Justas Dauparas, Ivan Anishchenko, Jaron A M Mercer, Alex Kang, Asim K Bera, Hannah Nguyen and 11 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. AbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. De Novo Design of Near-Infrared Fluorescence-Activating Proteins.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2026
    Article
  6. Review
  7. Protein design and RNA design: Perspectives.Quantitative biology (Beijing, China) · 2026
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Buttressing ligand-binding pockets in de novo designed NTF2-like domains.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2025
    Article
  13. Modeling protein-small molecule conformational ensembles with PLACER.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  14. De Novo Design of High-Performance Cortisol Luminescent Biosensors.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2025
    Article
  15. Article
  16. A Designed ZnJournal of the American Chemical Society · 2025
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Efficient Generation of Protein Pockets with PocketGen.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

21 authors.

Gyu Rie Lee *Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Samuel J Pellock *Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7557-7985
Christoffer Norn *Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Doug TischerDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3633-5542
Justas DauparasDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0030-144X
Ivan AnishchenkoDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3645-2044
Jaron A M MercerMerkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Alex KangDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5487-0499
Asim K BeraDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9473-2912
Hannah NguyenDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9696-4004
Evans BrackenbroughDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Banumathi SankaranBerkeley Center for Structural Biology, Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3266-8131
Inna GoreshnikDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Dionne VafeadosDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2560-8907
Nicole RoullierDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0004-8430-9538
Hannah L HanDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4787-5168
Brian CoventryDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6910-6255
Hugh K HaddoxDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
David R LiuMerkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9943-7557
Andy Hsien-Wei YehDepartment of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA. hsyeh@ucsc.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9023-776X
David BakerDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. dabaker@uw.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7896-6217

Funding

User Training and OutreachP30GM124165 · NIGMS · CORNELL UNIVERSITY · PI Nozomi Ando, J Christopher Fromme · 2018 to 2026
$34.2M
User Training and OutreachP30GM124169 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIF-LAWRENC BERKELEY LAB · PI Gregory L Hura · 2017 to 2026
$28.6M
Centers for Research on Structural Biology of Infectious Diseases: Universal Influenza Vaccine Research75N93022C00036 · NIAID · SEATTLE CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL · PI STAKER, BART · 2022 to 2025
$21.7M
Waters Select Series Cyclic IMS for P41 Native MS Resource Application to Alzheimer's DiseaseP41GM128577 · NIGMS · OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI WYSOCKI, VICKI H. · 2018 to 2022
$7.6M
Integrating Chemistry and Evolution to Illuminate Biology and Enable Novel TherapeuticsR35GM118062 · NIGMS · HARVARD UNIVERSITY · PI LIU, DAVID R · 2016 to 2025
$6.4M
ePACE: automation platforms for adaptable and scalable continuous evolution of biomolecules with therapeutic potentialR01EB027793 · NIBIB · BROAD INSTITUTE, INC. · PI Ahmad Samir Khalil, DAVID R LIU · 2019 to 2026
$6.1M
Native Mass Spectrometry Guided Structural Biology CenterRM1GM149374 · NIGMS · OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI Vicki H. Wysocki · 2023 to 2026
$5.0M
De Novo Design of Minibinder Antagonists for COVID-19 and Future PandemicsR01AI160052 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI BAKER, DAVID, FULLER, DEBORAH H. · 2021 to 2025
$3.5M
Designed Vehicles for Blood Brain Barrier TraversalR01AG063845 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI BAKER, DAVID · 2019 to 2023
$2.5M
Continuous Evolution of Proteins with Novel Therapeutic PotentialR01EB031172 · NIBIB · BROAD INSTITUTE, INC. · PI LIU, DAVID R · 2021 to 2024
$2.5M
Design of de novo interleukin mimics for targeted immunotherapyR01CA240339 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI BAKER, DAVID · 2019 to 2023
$2.1M
De novo design of a generalizable protein biosensor platform for point-of-care testingR00EB031913 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA CRUZ · PI YEH, HSIEN WEI · 2023 to 2025
$747k
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA240339NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI160052NIA NIH HHS R01 AG063845NIBIB NIH HHS R00 EB031913NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB027793NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB031172NIGMS NIH HHS F32 GM133088NIGMS NIH HHS P30 GM124165NIGMS NIH HHS P30 GM124169NIGMS NIH HHS P41 GM128577NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM118062NIGMS NIH HHS RM1 GM149374NIH HHS 75N93022C00036NIH HHS HHSN272201700059CUnited States Department of Defense | United States Air Force | AFMC | Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AF Office of Scientific Research) FA9550-18-1-0297
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The de novo design of small-molecule-binding proteins holds great promise as a potential tool to develop sensors on-demand for arbitrary small molecules. Here we combine deep learning and physics-based methods to generate a family of proteins with diverse and designable pocket geometries, which we employ to computationally design binders for six small-molecule targets. Biophysical characterization of the designed binders reveals nanomolar to low micromolar binding affinities and atomic-level design accuracy. Additionally, we use a cortisol binder to design a chemically induced dimerization (CID) system that enables the construction of a biosensor for cortisol detection. The approach described here demonstrates the potential of the NTF2 fold and deep learning-based protein design in sensor development, paving the way for future platforms to design binders and sensors for small molecules across analytical, environmental, and biomedical applications.

Indexed as

Biosensing TechniquesProtein EngineeringProteinsSmall Molecule LibrariesBinding SitesModels, MolecularProtein BindingProteinsSmall Molecule Libraries

Identifiers

PMID41904144
PMCPMC13194776

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.