ArticleNutrition & diabetes2026
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and risk of type 2 diabetes according to glycemic status: a prospective cohort study.
Article in Nutrition & diabetes, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEvidence on whether the association between vitamin D levels and diabetes risk differs across glycemic statuses is limited. We investigated the association between circulating vitamin D levels and type 2 diabetes risk according to glycemic status.
methodsThis prospective cohort study included 3604 participants without diabetes (mean age: 56 years) whose serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels were measured in the community-based Korean Genome Epidemiology Study (2007-2009). Fasting and 2-h post-load glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were measured biannually over a 14-year follow-up period. Season-standardized serum 25(OH)D levels were categorized into <25 (deficient), 25-50 (insufficient), and ≥ 50 nmol/L (sufficient). We assessed the association between serum 25(OH)D levels and type 2 diabetes risk using Cox proportional hazards models with time-varying covariates, stratifying by glycemic status and individual glycemic markers.
resultsOver 43,176 person-years of follow-up, 796 participants developed type 2 diabetes. Compared with participants with vitamin D deficiency, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for type 2 diabetes in those with vitamin D sufficiency were 0.80 (0.62-1.04) overall, 0.55 (0.32-0.97) in participants with normoglycemia, and 0.93 (0.69-1.24) in those with prediabetes (P for interaction by glycemic status = 0.04). The association between serum 25(OH)D levels and diabetes risk differed according to HbA1c level (P for interaction = 0.05); a trend toward a lower risk of type 2 diabetes was observed in participants with HbA1c < 5.7% but not in those with HbA1c 5.7-6.4%.
conclusionsThe association between serum 25(OH)D levels and the risk of type 2 diabetes differed by glycemic status, with a more pronounced inverse association among participants with normoglycemia.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.