Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41904129›Full record

ArticleNature communications2026

Determinants of chromosome-specific telomere lengths among 2573 All of Us participants.

Niyati Jain, Jiajun Luo, Yuqing Yang, Kathryn Demanelis, Habibul Ahsan, Briseis Aschebrook-Kilfoy, Lin S Chen, Brandon L Pierce

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. How telomere attrition protects against cancer.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Niyati JainDepartment of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Jiajun LuoDepartment of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, SAR Macau, China.
Yuqing YangInstitute for Population and Precision Health, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0006-8764-4686
Kathryn DemanelisDepartment of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Habibul AhsanDepartment of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Briseis Aschebrook-KilfoyInstitute for Population and Precision Health, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Lin S ChenDepartment of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Brandon L PierceDepartment of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. brandonpierce@uchicago.edu.

Funding

Integrative Analysis Methods for the dGTEx InitiativeUF1MH139345 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO · PI CHEN, LIN · 2025 to 2025
$1.2M
NIMH NIH HHS UF1 MH139345
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Telomere length is a biomarker of aging and disease risk. Most human studies have assessed average telomere length, limiting our understanding of variability across chromosome arms. Using long-read sequencing data from >2500 All of Us participants, we estimate chromosome-specific telomere lengths and characterize sources of biological and technical variation. Telomere length varies by chromosome arm, accounting for 9.1% of total variance. Substantial variance (8.9%) in chromosome-specific telomere lengths is attributable to individual, independent of age, suggesting that inter-individual differences in length are established at birth and maintained through life. Age is inversely associated with length for all arms, but longer arms show stronger association. We demonstrate that chromosome-specific telomere estimates enable analysis of disease associations for individual telomeres and for individuals' shortest telomere. Overall, this work highlights the utility of long-read sequencing for population-scale analysis of chromosome-specific telomere lengths and provides a framework to guide future studies.

Indexed as

Chromosomes, HumanTelomereTelomere HomeostasisAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAgingFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedUnited StatesYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID41904129
PMCPMC13195165

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.