Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41904118›Full record

ArticleNature communications2026

Neoantigen evolution and response to checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy in colorectal cancer.

Alanna Sholokhova, Kamran Kaveh, Ivana Bozic

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Alanna SholokhovaDepartment of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Kamran KavehDepartment of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8213-1797
Ivana BozicDepartment of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. ibozic@uw.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2761-825X

Funding

Johnson and Johnson (Johnson & Johnson) WiSTEM2D Scholar AwardNational Science Foundation (NSF) DMS-2045166
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Checkpoint-blockade immunotherapy enables the immune system to recognize tumor cells that were previously invisible due to immune escape, but these therapies lead to heterogeneous patient outcomes. Focusing on colorectal cancer, in which two subtypes have markedly different responses to immunotherapy, we query the relationship between a tumor's mutagenic landscape and therapeutic outcomes. First, we model neoantigen evolution in growing tumors using a stochastic branching-process model and label each neoantigen by its predicted immunogenicity, giving each in-silico tumor a unique pre-treatment mutational landscape. Next, we use a dynamical systems model of tumor-immune interactions under checkpoint-blockade therapy, parameterized using clinical trial data, to simulate immunotherapy. We relate therapeutic outcomes to the heterogeneity of tumor mutational landscape, finding that a strong clonal neoantigen appears crucial for a successful response. Additionally, the minimal neoantigen quality across all neoantigens contributing to response dynamics is one of the strongest predictors of durable response.

Indexed as

Antigens, NeoplasmColorectal NeoplasmsImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsImmunotherapyHumansMutationAntigens, NeoplasmImmune Checkpoint Inhibitors

Identifiers

PMID41904118
PMCPMC13195147

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.