Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41903607›Full record

ArticleMucosal immunology2026

Androgens protect ILC2S from functional suppression during influenza virus infection.

Sapana Kadel, Reegan A J Miller, Anna Karlik, Abigael P Williams, Sean Turner, Erola Ainsua-Enrich, Ibrahim Hatipoglu, Joshua W Garton, Richard Pelikan, Harini Bagavant and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Mucosal immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Sapana KadelArthritis & Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Dept. of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Campus, 1100 N. Lindsay Ave, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
Reegan A J MillerArthritis & Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Dept. of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Campus, 1100 N. Lindsay Ave, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
Anna KarlikArthritis & Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
Abigael P WilliamsArthritis & Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Dept. of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Campus, 1100 N. Lindsay Ave, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
Sean TurnerArthritis & Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
Erola Ainsua-EnrichArthritis & Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
Ibrahim HatipogluArthritis & Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
Joshua W GartonArthritis & Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
Richard PelikanGenes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
Harini BagavantArthritis & Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
José Alberola-IlaArthritis & Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Dept. of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Campus, 1100 N. Lindsay Ave, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
Susan KovatsArthritis & Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Dept. of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Campus, 1100 N. Lindsay Ave, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA. Electronic address: Susan-kovats@omrf.org.

Funding

IRF4-Mediated Regulation of Lung Dendritic Cells During Viral InfectionR01HL119501 · NHLBI · OKLAHOMA MEDICAL RESEARCH FOUNDATION · PI KOVATS, SUSAN · 2014 to 2017
$1.7M
NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL119501
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Biological sex differences in morbidity upon influenza A virus (IAV) infection are linked to stronger IFN-centered immune responses in females, yet the regulatory role of sex steroid receptors in immune cell subsets is incompletely understood. Lung-resident group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) express notably high levels of androgen receptors (AR). In IAV infection, ILC2s produce type 2 cytokines and facilitate tissue repair, but they also may be functionally suppressed by type 1 cytokines. Here, we report sex differences in the magnitude of ILC2 functional suppression at the peak of sublethal IAV infection. Relative to males, ILC2s in females show attenuated proliferation, decreased propensity for IL-5 and amphiregulin production, and reduced expression of GATA3 and IL-33R, features supported by divergent transcriptomes. Equivalent inflammatory cytokine levels and viral load suggested sex differences in ILC2-intrinsic factors. Indeed, naïve female ILC2s showed elevated IFNGR expression and higher phospho-STAT1 levels following IFNγ stimulation, and lymphocyte-restricted STAT1 deficiency reversed IAV-induced suppression of female ILC2s. ILC2-restricted AR deficiency increased IFNGR expression and loss of androgens via orchiectomy led to suppression of male ILC2s. Thus, ILC2-intrinsic AR activity attenuates IFNGR-STAT1 signaling pathways to preserve canonical ILC2 function in males during IAV infection.

Indexed as

AndrogensInfluenza A virusLungLymphocytesOrthomyxoviridae InfectionsAnimalsCells, CulturedCytokinesFemaleImmunity, InnateInterferon-gammaMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, KnockoutReceptors, AndrogenAndrogensCytokinesInterferon-gammaReceptors, AndrogenReceptors, InterferonSTAT1 Transcription FactorAndrogen receptorInfluenzaInnate lymphocyteInterferonLung immunitySex difference

Identifiers

PMID41903607
PMCPMC13345609

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.