Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41903211›Full record

ReviewEnvironmental science & technology2026

Diving into AI? Exploring the Potential for AI to Tackle Complex Water Quality Challenges.

Edoardo Borgomeo, Luke A Holmes, Camilla G Billari, Ioannis Bitsios, Sam Brown, Danielle J Dickson, Emma Ford, Matt Fry, John Gaffney, Shagun Garg and 18 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Environmental science & technology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

28 authors.

Edoardo BorgomeoDepartment of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-8351-9064
Luke A HolmesEnvironment Agency, Horizon House, Deanery Road, Bristol BS1 5AH, United Kingdom.
Camilla G BillariDepartment of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, United Kingdom.ORCID 0009-0008-1057-1487
Ioannis BitsiosSciens Capital Limited, 34 Bruton Street, London W1J 6QX, United Kingdom.
Sam BrownEnvironment Agency, Horizon House, Deanery Road, Bristol BS1 5AH, United Kingdom.
Danielle J DicksonEnvironment Agency, Horizon House, Deanery Road, Bristol BS1 5AH, United Kingdom.
Emma FordAtmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics and School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, 9 South Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3QY, United Kingdom.ORCID 0009-0004-7208-3826
Matt FryUK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford OX10 8BB, United Kingdom.
John GaffneySiemens Digital Industries, Sir William Siemens House, Princess Road, Manchester M20 2UR, United Kingdom.
Shagun GargDepartment of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, United Kingdom.
Marc Girona-MataDepartment of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, United Kingdom.
Matteo GiulianiDepartment of Electronics, Information, and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, Milano 20133, Italy.
Nick HayesEnvironment Agency, Horizon House, Deanery Road, Bristol BS1 5AH, United Kingdom.
Laura H HuntEnvironment Agency, Horizon House, Deanery Road, Bristol BS1 5AH, United Kingdom.
Andrew JohnsonThe Rivers Trust, Rain-Charm House, Kyl Cober Parc, Stoke Climsland, Callington PL17 8PH, United Kingdom.
Milad LatifiWSP, Devonshire Square, London EC2M 4YE, United Kingdom.
Andrea MarinoniDepartment of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge, 15 JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom.
Harriet G OrrEnvironment Agency, Horizon House, Deanery Road, Bristol BS1 5AH, United Kingdom.
Emma PembertonEnvironment Agency, Horizon House, Deanery Road, Bristol BS1 5AH, United Kingdom.
Richard Rowan-RobinsonEnvironment Agency, Horizon House, Deanery Road, Bristol BS1 5AH, United Kingdom.
Vidya SamadiDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, Clemson University & Artificial Intelligence Research Institute for 30 Science and Engineering, School of Computing, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0002, United States.
Will ShepherdSchool of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0003-4434-9442
Kerry SimsEnvironment Agency, Horizon House, Deanery Road, Bristol BS1 5AH, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0001-6273-4083
Simon SpoonerAtkinsRealis, 5 Wellbrook Court, Cambridge CB3 0NA, United Kingdom.
James TlhomoleDepartment of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, United Kingdom.
Chak-Hau Michael TsoUK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, United Kingdom.
Tim WilliamsDrinking Water Inspectorate, 2 Marsham Street, London SW1P 4DF, United Kingdom.
Xilin XiaSchool of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Managing risks from water pollution is central to public health, environmental quality, and economic prosperity worldwide. While improvements in water quality have been attained in some parts of the world, much remains to be done to deliver clean rivers, lakes, and seas in line with public interest, changing regulatory landscapes, increasing awareness of risks from pollutants of emerging concern, and climate change. This Perspective explores the potential for artificial intelligence (AI) to help tackle complex water quality challenges. We take a system-oriented approach to define a general pipeline of AI-informed water quality decisions and critically assess the potential of AI to contribute to regulation and decision-making in the context of water quality management. Building on insights obtained from the literature and through a workshop with academics, environmental regulators, industry, and civil society stakeholders in England, we assess the maturity of current AI applications to meet a range of priorities and challenges. While current AI research shows maturity in responding to operational efficiency and modeling and prediction challenges, far less attention has been paid to aligning algorithmic development with user needs and organizational constraints, including the need for trustworthiness and explainability. The full potential of AI to support water quality decisions could be realized through clear institutional processes and accountability frameworks for decision-making. Looking ahead, the development of AI-ready data sets and the availability of clear, open-source examples of AI applications in the water quality domain are potential avenues for supporting wider uptake by regulators and other stakeholders.

Indexed as

Artificial IntelligenceWater QualityAIdrinking-water quality regulationwastewater infrastructurewater pollutionwater quality

Identifiers

PMID41903211
PMCPMC13085810

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.