ArticleCurrent microbiology2026
Phytochemical Analysis and Efficacy Determination of Sargassum cristaefolium Extract Against Aeromonas hydrophila Infection in Labeo rohita Through In Vivo and In Vitro.
Article in Current microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
This study evaluates the efficacy of Sargassum cristaefolium against eight strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial species. Different solvents including ethanol, methanol, n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, chloroform, benzene and aqueous were used to isolate crude extracts containing bioactive compounds. The effectiveness of crude extract was determined by phytochemical qualitative, phytochemical quantitative (GC-MS), antimicrobial sensitivity test, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), antioxidant activity (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay, Fe2+ chelating assay and phenol estimation), in vivo studies followed by hematological parameters. Each extract exhibited distinct inhibitory effects, with the ethanolic extract showing the highest antibacterial activity (17.7 ± 0.13) against Aeromonas hydrophila. The MIC for each extract ranged from 2 mg/L to 10 mg/L against different pathogenic bacterial strains. The qualitative analysis suggests that compounds like alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, phenols, steroids, quinones, coumarins, and saponins are mainly responsible for antibacterial activity. Quantitative analysis using GC-MS showed that the ethanolic extract contained highest amount of diethyl phthalate (94.82%). The ethanolic extract of S. cristaefolium demonstrated the highest free radical activity while it showed slightly lower Fe2+ chelating activity than other extracts. Statistical significant difference between treatments in antioxidant analysis, survival and haematological parameters had been observed. The in vivo exposure of the ethanolic extract to Labeo rohita fingerling showed antibacterial effects against A. hydrophila via modifying immune response in fish. Hence, present study concludes that S. cristaefolium inclusion in fish helps to mitigate economical loss occurring through bacterial infection and antibiotic drugs application.
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