Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41902950›Full record

SynthesisEuropean archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience2026

Mapping cognitive-behavioral approach in psychedelic-assisted treatment: a systematic review across phases with classic and non-classic psychedelics.

Yves Martins Varela, Vagner Deuel de O Tavares, Luiza Macedo Delgado, Heitor Augusto Trindade de Faria, Lucas Queiroz Menezes, Raíssa M Almeida, Pedro Agrícola, Bruna Santos de Carvalho, Bheatrix Bienemann, Marcelo Falchi-Carvalho and 5 more

Abstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Yves Martins VarelaMental Health and Behavior, Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. yvesmvarela@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0006-4112-751X
Vagner Deuel de O TavaresLaboratory of Hormone Measurement, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
Luiza Macedo DelgadoAdvanced Center for Psychedelic Medicine, Natal, RN, Brazil.
Heitor Augusto Trindade de FariaAdvanced Center for Psychedelic Medicine, Natal, RN, Brazil.
Lucas Queiroz MenezesAdvanced Center for Psychedelic Medicine, Natal, RN, Brazil.
Raíssa M AlmeidaMental Health and Behavior, Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
Pedro AgrícolaMental Health and Behavior, Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
Bruna Santos de CarvalhoOnofre Lopes University Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
Bheatrix BienemannIndependent researcher, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Marcelo Falchi-CarvalhoAdvanced Center for Psychedelic Medicine, Natal, RN, Brazil.
Patrícia Cavalcanti-RibeiroAdvanced Center for Psychedelic Medicine, Natal, RN, Brazil.
Fernanda Palhano-FontesAdvanced Center for Psychedelic Medicine, Natal, RN, Brazil.
Gisele Fernandes-OsterholdUniversity of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Draulio Barros de AraujoAdvanced Center for Psychedelic Medicine, Natal, RN, Brazil.
Nicole Galvão-CoelhoMental Health and Behavior, Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. nicole.galvao@ufrn.br.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The use of psychedelics in the treatment of psychopathologies has been expanding, highlighting Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy (PAP) as a promising resource in mental health care. This systematic review investigates. This systematic review investigates whether and how cognitive-behavioral therapies are integrated with psychedelic substances—both classical and atypical—for the treatment of mental disorders. A PRISMA-based search was conducted across four databases (Embase, PsycArticles, PubMed, and Web of Science) up to May 2025. The review included 9 clinical trials involving a total of 283 patients; these studies used ketamine (n = 5), psilocybin (n = 3), and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (n = 1). Among the Cognitive Behavioral Approaches (CBAs) applied, traditional Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) was predominant (n = 6), followed by emerging modalities such as Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) (n = 2) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) (n = 1). Considerable variability was observed across study designs, particularly in terms of the timing of psychotherapeutic interventions, which occurred before, during, or after the psychedelic experience, with or without concurrent support. The findings indicate that cognitive-behavioral strategies have been incorporated into psychedelic-assisted interventions in diverse ways, across different phases of treatment and with distinct therapeutic purposes. Nonetheless, the therapeutic approaches applied remain highly heterogeneous between studies, highlighting the need for further research to clarify how these models are implemented and characterized in practice.

Indexed as

Cognitive Behavioral TherapyHallucinogensMental DisordersHumansPsilocybinHallucinogensPsilocybinCognitive-behavioral therapyIntegrative mental healthPsychedelic-assisted psychotherapyPsychiatric treatment

Identifiers

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.