Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41902846›Full record

ArticleJournal of clinical immunology2026

Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Congenital Athymia: A Nationwide Retrospective Study in Japan.

Tsubasa Nishinosono, Hideki Muramatsu, Manabu Wakamatsu, Motoshi Sonoda, Katsuhide Eguchi, Koji Kawaguchi, Takeshi Yamamoto, Takahiro Kudo, Michiko Kajiwara, Masataka Ishimura and 1 more

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of clinical immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Tsubasa NishinosonoDepartment of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8560, Japan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0003-0558-1916
Hideki MuramatsuDepartment of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8560, Japan. hideki-muramatsu@med.nagoya-u.ac.jp.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8801-0021
Manabu WakamatsuDepartment of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8560, Japan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0364-5886
Motoshi SonodaDepartment of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0167-3322
Katsuhide EguchiDepartment of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
Koji KawaguchiDepartment of Hematology and Oncology, Shizuoka Children's Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan.
Takeshi YamamotoDepartment of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
Takahiro KudoDepartment of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Michiko KajiwaraCenter for Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Institute of Science Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
Masataka IshimuraDepartment of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0735-6566
Yoshiyuki TakahashiDepartment of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8560, Japan. yoshiyuki.takahashi@nagoya-u.jp.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8644-171X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeCongenital athymia is a life-threatening condition characterized by thymic absence and profound T-cell immunodeficiency. Thymus implantation is the definitive treatment, but its availability is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) as an alternative therapy.

methodsA nationwide, multicenter, retrospective study analyzed nine patients who underwent allogeneic HCT between 2000 and 2024 in Japan. Overall survival (OS) was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the cumulative incidence of immunodeficiency-related mortality was assessed using Gray's test.

resultsAmong the nine patients, eight (89%) received umbilical cord blood, and one (11%) received related peripheral blood. Seven patients (78%) underwent transplantation without conditioning. Engraftment with T-cell recovery was achieved in six patients (67%), with a median CD4

conclusionHCT can allow immune reconstitution in congenital athymia, although long-term survival is affected by comorbidities. Early diagnosis and timely intervention are crucial in managing this condition. HCT can be a restricted alternative therapy for patients ineligible for thymus implantation.

Indexed as

Hematopoietic Stem Cell TransplantationFemaleGraft vs Host DiseaseHumansInfantInfant, NewbornJapanMaleRetrospective StudiesTransplantation ConditioningTransplantation, HomologousTreatment Outcome22q11.2 deletion syndromeCHARGE syndromeComplete DiGeorge syndromeCongenital athymiaHematopoietic cell transplantation

Identifiers

PMID41902846
PMCPMC13149597

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.