ArticleBioinformatics (Oxford, England)2026
ONEST: a web-based platform for the rapid and robust analysis of protein excited states through CEST spectroscopy.
Article in Bioinformatics (Oxford, England), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
summaryThe biological function of proteins is often driven by "invisible" excited states-transient, low-population conformations that remain undetectable by conventional structural methods. Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) NMR spectroscopy is a powerful technique for characterizing these states; however, the complexity of data analysis and the computational cost of numerical fitting have hindered its widespread adoption. To address these challenges, we present ONEST (Optimized Novel Exchange Saturation Transfer), a user-friendly web server designed to automate and accelerate CEST analysis. ONEST utilizes a simultaneous multi-field fitting algorithm that leverages exact analytical solutions for two-state exchange (Baldwin model) rather than computationally intensive numerical integration. This approach incorporates a rigorous correction for radio-frequency (RF) field inhomogeneity and resolves parameter degeneracy by jointly fitting datasets acquired at distinct RF field strengths. Validation against synthetic datasets yielded reduced c2 values near unity (∼1.05), confirming that the analytical approach recovers kinetic parameters with accuracy comparable to full Bloch-McConnell simulations but at a fraction of the computational cost. Furthermore, application to the anti-HIV lectin OAA successfully characterized slow conformational exchange (kex = 279 s-1) involving a minor population of 3%. By streamlining the extraction of kinetic and thermodynamic parameters, ONEST significantly lowers the technical barrier to entry, enabling a broader range of researchers to investigate protein dynamics at atomic resolution. CONTACT: dlee04@kbsi.re.kr. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: ONEST is available through the web server at http://onest.ai.kr.
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