Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41902222›Full record

ArticleViruses2026

Long-Term Efficacy of Disinfectants Against Ebola Virus and Nipah Virus for Use in Containment Level 4 Laboratories.

Amanda L Phelps, Lin Eastaugh, James S Findlay, Ruth Thom, Mark S Lever, Sophie J Smither

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Viruses, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Amanda L PhelpsHuman and Biological Advantage, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl), Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK.
Lin EastaughHuman and Biological Advantage, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl), Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK.
James S FindlayHuman and Biological Advantage, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl), Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK.
Ruth ThomHuman and Biological Advantage, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl), Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK.
Mark S LeverHuman and Biological Advantage, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl), Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK.
Sophie J SmitherHuman and Biological Advantage, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl), Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-7835-3581

Funding

UK Ministry of Defence n/a
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Effective disinfectants are a requirement for safe operation within Containment Level 4 (CL4) laboratories. High-containment processes often demand that disinfectants remain effective over prolonged periods of time. Four candidate quaternary ammonium-based disinfectants were tested at room temperature for activity against Ebola virus and Nipah virus with a 5 min contact time when disinfectant was freshly prepared and again after disinfectants were aged for 26 weeks. The concentrations tested, based on manufacturer recommendations, were either 5% or 10%. Candidates that demonstrated long-term efficacy were also evaluated for viral breakthrough using reduced disinfectant concentration (1.25% or 2.5%) or reduced contact time (1 min). Breakthrough of Ebola virus was observed with one of the disinfectants using a reduced concentration compared to the manufacturer's recommendation.

Indexed as

Containment of BiohazardsDisinfectantsEbolavirusNipah VirusAnimalsHemorrhagic Fever, EbolaHumansLaboratoriesQuaternary Ammonium CompoundsVirus InactivationDisinfectantsQuaternary Ammonium CompoundsBiosafety Level 4Containment Level 4disinfectantEbola virusefficacylaboratoryNipah virussafety

Identifiers

PMID41902222
PMCPMC13030390

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.