Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41902220›Full record

ArticleViruses2026

Spatiotemporal and Demographic Patterns of West Nile Neuroinvasive Disease in Vojvodina, Serbia, 2012-2025.

Snežana Medić, Tatjana Pustahija, Aleksandra Patić, Siniša Sević, Mioljub Ristić, Gordana Kovačević, Athanasios Tsakris, Cleo Anastassopoulou, Zagorka Lozanov-Crvenković

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Article in Viruses, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Snežana MedićFaculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.ORCID 0000-0002-5778-9861
Tatjana PustahijaFaculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
Aleksandra PatićFaculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.ORCID 0000-0002-7068-2882
Siniša SevićFaculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
Mioljub RistićFaculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.ORCID 0000-0002-6923-189X
Gordana KovačevićFaculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.ORCID 0000-0002-7626-2571
Athanasios TsakrisDepartment of Microbiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece.ORCID 0000-0003-0656-4715
Cleo AnastassopoulouDepartment of Microbiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece.ORCID 0000-0001-7666-9198
Zagorka Lozanov-CrvenkovićDepartment of Mathematics and Informatics, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.ORCID 0000-0002-6188-2348

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

West Nile neuroinvasive disease (WNND) causes substantial morbidity in endemic regions, yet data on its burden in Serbia remain limited. We conducted a retrospective, population-based study of WNND cases reported in Vojvodina Province, Serbia, from 2012 to 2025. Incidence and mortality trends were analysed by year, residence, age, sex, and week of symptom onset. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify predictors of fatal outcome. Of 1337 suspected cases, 557 (41.66%) met the WNND case definition (530 confirmed, 27 probable cases) and 98.9% were autochthonous. The mean annual incidence was 2.17/100,000 (95% CI 0.60-3.75), ranging from 0.48/100,000 (2015) to 10.31/100,000 (2018), with additional peaks in 2013 and 2022. Cases clustered predominantly in epidemiological weeks 31-34. The mean mortality was 0.28/100,000 (95% CI 0.02-0.53) and the mean case fatality rate was 12.93% (95% CI 10.14-15.71%). Incidence increased with age, peaking at 5.97/100,000 in those 70-79 years; highest mortality occurred in ≥80 years (1.78/100,000). All districts reported cases, with the highest incidence and mortality in South Banat. Higher Charlson Comorbidity Index, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and malignancy independently predicted fatal outcome. WNND remains a significant public health problem in Vojvodina, requiring improved surveillance, targeted prevention, and early treatment of high-risk patients.

Indexed as

West Nile FeverAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansIncidenceInfantMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesSerbiaSpatio-Temporal Analysisdiagnosticspublic healthsurveillancevector-borne infectionsWest Nile neuroinvasive disease (WNND)West Nile virus (WNV)zoonoses

Identifiers

PMID41902220
PMCPMC13030431

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.