On the Use of Laser-Induced Graphene (LIG) in the Development of Chemoresistive Gas Sensors.

In recent years, two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted growing attention for their application in chemoresistive gas sensors. Among these materials, graphene stands out due to its exceptional electrical, mechanical, and chemical properties. A simple and low-cost method for producing graphene involves the use of a laser to induce its formation on carbon-rich substrates, such as polyimides. This technique, first introduced in 2014, has been successfully applied in the fabrication of various types of sensors, including pressure sensors, temperature sensors, biosensors, and gas sensors. For chemoresistive gas sensors, laser-induced graphene (LIG) has been used either as an electrode or as part of the nanocomposite forming the active sensing layer. Moreover, this technology has allowed the use of heating elements. Sensing performance, including sensitivity and selectivity, can be tailored by incorporating different materials into the nanocomposite, such as metallic nanoparticles, metal oxides, or conductive polymers. These modifications can be implemented using low-cost and scalable fabrication methods, making this approach highly suitable for the development of affordable and efficient gas sensors. In this contribution, we present a comprehensive overview of the contributions, reported from the proposal of LIG technology in 2014 to 2025, about the use of this fabrication process in the development of chemoresistive gas sensors.