Delamination Localization in CFRP Laminates Using One-Way Mixing of Ultrasonic Guided Waves.

Maoxun Sun, Yuheng Liu, Longfei Li, Xinyu Zhang, Biao Xiao, Yue Zhang, Hongye Liu

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Maoxun SunSchool of Mechanical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.

Yuheng LiuSchool of Mechanical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.

Longfei LiSchool of Mechanical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.

Xinyu ZhangSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, China.

Biao XiaoShanghai Institute of Special Equipment Inspection and Technical Research Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200062, China.

Yue ZhangSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China.ORCID 0000-0003-4285-2167

Hongye LiuSchool of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.ORCID 0000-0001-5126-2658

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 12304515Scientific Research Projects of Shanghai Municipal Administration for Market Supervision 2025KJ55 and 2024-46Shanghai Sailing Program, China 23YF1429200the Inner Mongolia Natural Science Foundation, China 2024LHMS06004

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates are widely used in aircraft skins due to their advantages of high strength and lightweight properties. However, their laminate structure and energy-absorbing characteristics result in low-energy impact damage, such as delamination, that is often invisible but can lead to catastrophic failure. Consequently, early detection of delamination in CFRP laminates is necessary. Nonlinear ultrasonic guided waves exhibit high sensitivity to delamination, and second harmonics are widely employed. Compared to second harmonics, one-way mixing of ultrasonic guided waves can excite and receive signals simultaneously at the same location, thereby precisely localizing delamination. This capability has the potential for inspecting buried structures. However, existing literature has not yet fully addressed the generation mechanism of one-way mixing in CFRP laminates nor its interaction with delamination. Based on finite element simulation, this study investigates one-way mixing of A

Indexed as

CFRP laminatesDelamination localizationNonlinear ultrasonicsOne-way mixing of guided waves

Identifiers

PMID41902081

DOI10.3390/s26061912

PMCPMC13030163

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