Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41902008›Full record

ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Development of a Neural-Fuzzy-Based Variable Admittance Control Strategy for an Upper Limb Rehabilitation Exoskeleton.

Yixing Shi, Keyi Li, Yehong Zhang, Qingcong Wu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Yixing ShiCollege of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China.
Keyi LiCollege of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China.
Yehong ZhangCollege of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China.
Qingcong WuCollege of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China.ORCID 0000-0002-7774-6092

Funding

the Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province (Social Development) BE2023813the National Natural Science Foundation of China 52175014the Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering 2024-M09
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Upper limb motor dysfunction resulting from stroke requires effective rehabilitation solutions; however, current exoskeletons are limited by single-input control, inadequate adaptation to various rehabilitation stages, and restriction to one limb. This study presents the development of a three-degree-of-freedom upper limb rehabilitation exoskeleton with three core innovations: (1) a neuro-fuzzy adaptive admittance control architecture that integrates human-robot interaction force and joint angular velocity as dual inputs for real-time damping adjustment, enabling accurate capture of dynamic movement intentions; (2) a Brunnstrom stage-specific fuzzy rule base that directly links clinical rehabilitation needs to adaptive control parameters; (3) a bilateral adaptable mechanical structure, allowing dual-upper limb training to enhance practical application. By combining radial basis function (RBF) neural network-based adaptive proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control with fuzzy variable-parameter admittance control, the system achieves a maximum trajectory tracking error of less than 1.2° and a root mean square (RMS) error of ≤0.13°. Trajectory tracing experiments confirm an RMS error of 2.99 mm for a circular trajectory at Bd = 2. The proposed strategy, validated through position tracking, admittance interaction, and trajectory tracing experiments, effectively balances tracking accuracy and human-machine compliance, providing valuable technical support for robot-assisted upper limb rehabilitation.

Indexed as

Exoskeleton DeviceFuzzy LogicStroke RehabilitationUpper ExtremityHumansNeural Networks, ComputerRoboticsSoft Computingadmittance controlexoskeletonsfuzzy neural networkstrajectory trackingupper limb motor dysfunctionupper limb rehabilitation robot

Identifiers

PMID41902008
PMCPMC13030355

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.