ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Design and Optimization of a Twisted Photodiode Pixel Structure for All-Directional Phase-Detection Autofocus CMOS Image Sensors.
Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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15 authors.
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Abstract
To achieve an all-directional and high-speed, high-accuracy autofocus (AF) function, we propose a CMOS image sensor with a Twisted Photodiode (PD) structure. The developed 3D-stacked back-side illuminated (BSI) sensor employs the Twisted PD, which enables equivalent angular response characteristics in both the horizontal and vertical directions for the two PDs integrated within a single pixel, thereby realizing AF detection for all pixels and all directions. This paper describes the Twisted PD structure that enables all-directional AF and presents an analysis of charge transfer behavior in this unique 3D configuration. In this paper, "all-directional" refers to robustness with respect to subject direction.
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