Reinforcement of Novel PLA/17-4 PH Stainless Steel Hybrid Structures Fabricated by FDM: The Effects of Layer Configuration, Infill Density and Pattern.

Ramazan Ötüken, Cem Alparslan, Muhammed Furkan Erhan, Şenol Bayraktar

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Polymers, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

2citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Ramazan ÖtükenDepartment of Electronic Automation, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize 53100, Türkiye.ORCID 0000-0002-7125-6981

Cem AlparslanDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize 53100, Türkiye.ORCID 0000-0001-7316-360X

Muhammed Furkan ErhanDepartment of Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Gazi University, Ankara 06560, Türkiye.ORCID 0000-0003-4684-7939

Şenol BayraktarDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize 53100, Türkiye.ORCID 0000-0001-8226-0188

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Fused deposition modeling/fused filament fabrication (FDM/FFF) enables architectural tailoring of mechanical response through layer configuration and multi-material manufacturing strategies. However, the combined effects of layer arrangement, infill ratio, and packing geometry in polymer-metal hybrid structures and interfacial load transfer mechanisms are still not sufficiently elucidated. In this study, the tensile behavior of single- and multi-material structures produced using PLA and 17-4 PH stainless steel filaments was systematically investigated. A total of 24 experimental parameter sets were created with four-layer configurations (PLA, 17-4 PH, PLA/17-4 PH/PLA, and 17-4 PH/PLA/17-4 PH), three infill ratios (20%, 60%, and 100%), and two packing patterns (linear and hexagonal); the samples were tested according to the ASTM D638 standard. Mechanical data were modeled using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and ANOVA, and the developed regression models showed high accuracy (R

Indexed as

FDMhybrid additive manufacturinginfill densityinfill patternlayer configurationmechanical propertiesRSM

Identifiers

PMID41901803

DOI10.3390/polym18060672

PMCPMC13030253

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.