Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41901715›Full record

ArticlePathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Yiping Han, Yuan Wei, Qiankun Chen, Jinding Pang, Qingquan Shi, Qingfeng Liang

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Yiping HanBeijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100005, China.
Yuan WeiBeijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100005, China.
Qiankun ChenBeijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100005, China.
Jinding PangBeijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100005, China.
Qingquan ShiBeijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100005, China.
Qingfeng LiangBeijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100005, China.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 82471041 and 82171017
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTo assess longitudinal changes in the

methodsThis retrospective study included 59 AK patients who underwent IVCM at baseline and 1 and 3 months. Fourteen morphological features covering pathogen-related characteristics, cyst arrangement patterns, and inflammatory markers were compared between good and poor prognosis groups, which were defined based on clinical outcomes including corneal perforation, the need for therapeutic keratoplasty, or final best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) ≤ 0.05. Prognostic modeling was performed exclusively using baseline IVCM features and applied univariable and Firth-corrected multivariable logistic regression with collinearity assessment and clinical filtering, followed by 5-fold cross-validation.

resultsAmong 59 AK patients, 45 (76.3%) had a good prognosis and 14 (23.7%) had a poor prognosis. Poor prognosis eyes showed a higher prevalence of double-walled cysts, trophozoites, and clustered cysts, along with higher cyst density and deeper stromal invasion. In contrast, good-prognosis eyes had more target-like cysts, immature dendritic cells, and mature dendritic cells. Clustered cysts independently predicted poor prognosis (OR = 2.98), whereas target-like cysts (OR = 0.26) and mature dendritic cells (OR = 0.37) were protective (AUC = 0.883; all

conclusionsIVCM provides a quantitative tool for early outcome prediction and individualized management. Higher cyst burden, clustered cysts, and persistent stromal involvement indicated poorer prognosis, whereas target-like cysts and mature dendritic cells indicated better prognosis.

Indexed as

Acanthamoeba KeratitisAcanthamoebaAdultAgedFemaleHumansMaleMicroscopy, ConfocalMiddle AgedPrognosisRetrospective StudiesAcanthamoeba keratitisin vivo confocal microscopymorphological featuresprognostic model

Identifiers

PMID41901715
PMCPMC13028759

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.