ArticlePathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Azathioprine Inhibits Hepatitis A Virus Replication In Vitro.
Tatsuo Kanda, Reina Sasaki-Tanaka, Hiroyuki Abe, Takeshi Yokoo, Akira Sakamaki, Kazunao Hayashi, Hiroteru Kamimura, Kenya Kamimura, Ryota Masuzaki, Hirofumi Kogure and 2 more
Abstract read
In one paragraphArticle in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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What it found
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2 · The registryThe trial behind it
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4 · The recordCorrections and comments
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5 · Who and what moneyAuthors and funding
12 authors.
Tatsuo KandaDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Uonuma Institute of Community Medicine, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Uonuma Kikan Hospital, 4132 Urasa, Minamiuonuma 949-7302, Japan.ORCID 0009-0000-8135-342X Reina Sasaki-TanakaDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Aasahimachi-Dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8520, Japan.ORCID 0000-0003-2681-0776 Hiroyuki AbeDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Aasahimachi-Dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8520, Japan.ORCID 0000-0003-2618-7494 Takeshi YokooDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Aasahimachi-Dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8520, Japan.ORCID 0000-0001-7138-1785 Akira SakamakiDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Aasahimachi-Dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8520, Japan.
Kazunao HayashiDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Aasahimachi-Dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8520, Japan.ORCID 0000-0003-3764-3598 Hiroteru KamimuraDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Aasahimachi-Dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8520, Japan.ORCID 0000-0002-9135-3092 Kenya KamimuraDepartment of General Medicine, Niigata University School of Medicine, Niigata 951-9510, Japan.ORCID 0000-0001-7182-4400 Ryota MasuzakiDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi Kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.ORCID 0000-0001-5118-4397 Hirofumi KogureDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi Kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.ORCID 0000-0002-2355-7309 Hiroaki OkamotoDivision of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan.ORCID 0000-0003-0827-0964 Shuji TeraiDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Aasahimachi-Dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8520, Japan.ORCID 0000-0002-5439-635X Funding
Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development JP24fk0210132Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development JP25fk0210132Japan Society for the Promotion of Science JP23K15055
6 · The paper itselfAbstract
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection can occasionally cause acute severe hepatitis. Patients with this disease sometimes need to undergo liver transplantation with immunosuppressants. Although rare, breakthrough HAV infections, despite vaccination, appear to be more common among immunocompromised populations. The effect of immunosuppressants on HAV replication is unclear. In this study, we examined the effects of immunosuppressants on HAV HA11-1299 genotype IIIA replication in human hepatocytes, finding that azathioprine inhibited HAV replication with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 0.967 μmol/L. We further examined the effect of azathioprine on the replication of HAV HM175 18f genotype IB using replication-competent or replication-incompetent subgenomic replicon in HuhT7 cells. Azathioprine had significant inhibitory effects on the HAV replication-competent subgenomic replicon compared to the replication-incompetent subgenomic replicon. The effect of azathioprine on the activity of the HAV HM175 18f genotype IB-internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) was investigated in COS7-HAV-IRES cells using a reporter assay. Azathioprine at 1 μmol/L had a significant inhibitory effect on HAV IRES activity but at 0.5 μmol/L had no inhibitory effect. Azathioprine appears to inhibit HAV replication as well as HAV translation. In conclusion, we found that azathioprine inhibits HAV replication in human hepatocytes, meaning that it may be useful for patients with a HAV infection who need to use immunosuppressants.
Indexed as
Antiviral AgentsAzathioprineHepatitis A virusImmunosuppressive AgentsRNA ReplicationVirus ReplicationAnimalsCell LineChlorocebus aethiopsGenotypeHepatitis AHepatocytesHumansInternal Ribosome Entry SitesAntiviral AgentsAzathioprineImmunosuppressive AgentsInternal Ribosome Entry Sitesazathioprinehepatitis A virusimmunosuppression
Identifiers
PMID41901703
PMCPMC13029016
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