ArticleLife (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Feasibility and Preliminary Effects of Aquatic Exercise on Pulmonary Function and Dynamic Balance in Young Adult Smokers: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.
Article in Life (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Abstract
backgroundSmoking is a major public health concern worldwide and is associated with adverse effects on pulmonary function, postural control, and overall physical performance. Aquatic exercise has gained increasing attention as a safe and effective training modality due to its unique physical properties. However, evidence regarding the effects of aquatic exercise on pulmonary function and dynamic balance in young adult smokers remains limited.
objectiveThis study aimed to investigate the effects of an 8-week aquatic exercise training program on pulmonary function parameters and dynamic balance performance in young adult smokers.
methodsTwenty-two physically inactive male smokers were randomly assigned to an experimental group (
resultsStatistically significant time × group interaction effects were observed for vital capacity (VC) (
conclusionsThis pilot randomized trial suggests that an 8-week aquatic exercise program is feasible and may produce preliminary improvements in selected pulmonary function parameters and dynamic balance in young adult smokers. Larger, adequately powered trials are required to confirm these findings.
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