AI-Driven Drug Discovery: Focus on Targets for Solid Tumors.

In the field of anti-tumor drug development, target identification remains a key component of innovative therapeutic strategies. Solid malignancies have posed significant challenges to conventional target discovery approaches due to their distinct genetic heterogeneity, complex tumor microenvironment, and highly individualized evolutionary trajectories. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a revolutionary force in drug discovery. The technological advances from machine learning and deep learning to large language models (LLMs) has enabled the comprehensive integration and analysis of multi-omics biological data and real-world evidence, thereby promoting every stage of the drug discovery process. Thus, this article begins with an overview of the biological characteristics of tumors and the limitations of traditional strategies. It then delves into recent advances particularly in the past three years in the application of AI to drug discovery, especially LLMs. The main focus is on the current landscape of AI-assisted target identification. Furthermore, the article examines key challenges such as multimodal data integration and the interpretability of AI models, and envisions the future path towards integrated AI systems in precision oncology.