ArticleMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Utilization and Sustainability Evaluation of Steel Slag and RAP in Hot Recycled Asphalt Mixtures-Case Study.
Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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6 authors.
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Abstract
To address natural aggregate scarcity and improve the high-value utilization of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP), this study proposes a steel slag-RAP hot recycled asphalt mixture (SSRM) as a sustainable alternative to conventional limestone-RAP mixtures (RM). Unlike previous studies mainly focusing on performance verification, an integrated environmental-economic evaluation framework was developed based on real highway expansion project data under a "cradle-to-gate" boundary and incorporating transportation distance thresholds. SSRM containing 50% RAP and 23% steel slag as coarse aggregate replacement was evaluated through rutting, semi-circular bending (SCB), freeze-thaw splitting (TSR), and skid resistance tests. Compared with RM, SSRM exhibited 14-16% higher dynamic stability and 20-25% higher fracture energy at -10 °C, along with improved moisture stability and skid resistance, mainly attributed to the rough and alkaline characteristics of steel slag enhancing adhesion and aggregate interlocking. Life-cycle assessment (GWP100) and cost analysis indicate that SSRM reduces carbon emissions by 10-11% relative to RM and about 40% compared with conventional virgin mixtures, while initial construction costs decrease by 9-10%. Transportation sensitivity analysis identifies equal-emission and equal-cost thresholds of approximately 590 km and 380 km, respectively. Within typical material supply radii (300-400 km), SSRM demonstrates both environmental and economic advantages, providing a practical framework for low-carbon material selection in highway construction.
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