ArticleMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Advanced Manufacturing of PLA Surgical Templates for Orbital Floor Geometry: Optimizing Fidelity and Surface Morphology via Variable Layer Height MEX 3D Printing.
Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Precise orbital floor reconstruction requires personalised surgical templates that combine high geometric fidelity with manufacturing efficiency. This study presents and validates the TARMM procedure, developed to optimise the production of polylactide (PLA) templates. A key innovation is the integration of advanced machine learning algorithms (Random Forest) and Mitchell-Netravali interpolation to reduce medical reconstruction artefacts, as well as the implementation of Material Extrusion (MEX) technology with Variable Layer Height (VLH). This strategy minimises the stair-step effect on complex anatomical curvatures while maintaining high process throughput. The results demonstrate that the TARMM procedure ensures a geometric error within ±0.1 mm. A strong linear correlation (r = 0.99) was found between layer height and surface roughness (Sa), indicating that a 0.07 mm layer in critical areas significantly improves template morphology and facilitates the contouring of titanium meshes. The clinical validation across 21 cases confirmed a 30 min reduction in surgical preparation time. The developed method serves as a low-cost, high-precision alternative to photopolymerization technologies, contributing to modern 3D printing applications in maxillofacial surgery.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.