Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41900689›Full record

ReviewMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Bio-Based and Sustainable Alternatives to Conventional and Synthetic Leather.

Ewa Oleksińska-Merida, Michał Puchalski, Lucyna Herczyńska

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Ewa Oleksińska-MeridaTextiles Institute, Faculty of Textiles and Design, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.ORCID 0009-0002-9078-2909
Michał PuchalskiTextiles Institute, Faculty of Textiles and Design, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-7848-9801
Lucyna HerczyńskaTextiles Institute, Faculty of Textiles and Design, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-4278-5988

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Growing demand for sustainable materials has intensified research into eco-friendly alternatives to conventional and synthetic leathers. Traditional bovine leather and its chromium-tanning process heavily contribute to water pollution, toxic waste generation, and carbon emissions, while synthetic leather derived from Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) and polyurethane (PU) presents challenges related to fossil fuel dependence and non-biodegradability. This review explores bio-based and sustainable leather substitutes that are made of plants, microbial cellulose, and mycelium fungi. Plant-based leather substitutes such as Vegea

Indexed as

biodegradablebiomaterialseco-friendly textileseco-leathermyceliumsustainable

Identifiers

PMID41900689
PMCPMC13027542

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.