Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41900029›Full record

ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2026

A Comparative Study of Choline Chloride Deep Eutectic Electrolytes: Towards Sustainable Supercapacitors.

Raquel San Emeterio, Antía Santiago-Alonso, Juan José Parajó, Ana T S C Brandão, Carlos M Pereira, Carlos Gracia, Pablo Vallet, Renata Costa, Josefa Salgado

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Raquel San EmeterioNaFoMat, Department of Applied Physics/Materials Institute of USC (iMATUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.ORCID 0009-0000-1124-8034
Antía Santiago-AlonsoNaFoMat, Department of Applied Physics/Materials Institute of USC (iMATUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-9749-5713
Juan José ParajóCentro de Investigación en Tecnologías Navales e Industriales, Universidade de A Coruña, Campus Industrial de Ferrol, 15403 Ferrol, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-4948-7492
Ana T S C BrandãoChemistry Research Centre of the University of Porto/Institute of Molecular Sciences (CIQUP-IMS), Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0003-3291-7713
Carlos M PereiraChemistry Research Centre of the University of Porto/Institute of Molecular Sciences (CIQUP-IMS), Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0002-8392-9581
Carlos GraciaTA Instruments Waters Chromatography, Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain.
Pablo ValletAVL Ibérica, Paseo Arco de Ladrillo 68, Floor n. 5, 47007 Valladolid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-9054-8771
Renata CostaChemistry Research Centre of the University of Porto/Institute of Molecular Sciences (CIQUP-IMS), Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0002-3259-5729
Josefa SalgadoNaFoMat, Department of Applied Physics/Materials Institute of USC (iMATUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-6806-580X

Funding

Molecular Science Instituto da Universidade de Porto LA/P/0056/2020Universidade de Porto UID/PRR/00081/2025Xunta de Galicia 14_IN606D_2022_2702732Xunta de Galicia ED431C 2024/06Xunta de Galicia ED481A-2025-178
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Over the past few decades, ionic liquids (ILs) have gained attention as electrolytes, although concerns about their environmental persistence and toxicity challenge their status as green solvents. In this framework, choline chloride (ChCl) offers a more sustainable alternative due to its low toxicity, biodegradability, and cost-effectiveness. Although ChCl has a high melting point, its combination with hydrogen bond donor compounds (HBDs) can result in liquid mixtures at much lower temperatures, known as deep eutectic solvents (DESs). This study presents a comparative evaluation of three ChCl-based DESs, glyceline, ethaline, and reline (obtained from mixtures of ChCl and glycerol, ethylene glycol, and urea), with a focus specifically on their potential as electrolyte candidates for supercapacitors. Using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), we assess their thermal, electrochemical, and structural properties. All DESs displayed amorphous behavior and a strong tendency to remain liquid even at very low temperatures. Among them, ethaline showed the most promising electrochemical performance, exhibiting the lowest resistivity and the highest capacity.

Indexed as

choline chloridecyclic voltammetryDESDSCEISethalineglycelineNMRrelinesupercapacitor

Identifiers

PMID41900029
PMCPMC13028917

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.