ArticleBioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Applicability of Whole Blood Monocyte Activation Test for Endotoxin Activity Assessment in Hydroxyapatite-Based Ceramics.
Article in Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Plant-Based Biomaterials as Bio-Instructive Immunomodulators: Design Principles, Mechanisms, and Translational Challenges.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite-based ceramics are widely used in dental bioengineering, yet the reliable assessment of endotoxin activity in solid porous materials remains challenging. This study evaluated the applicability of a whole blood Monocyte Activation Test (MAT) to a hydroxyapatite ceramic relevant to dental applications. Two endotoxin association strategies (immersion and dropwise) were compared, followed by nonlinear modelling of cytokine dose-response curves using four-parameter logistic (4PL) regression and spike-recovery analysis to assess potential material interference. Immersion-based spiking produced reproducible, concentration-dependent cytokine responses, whereas dropwise application resulted in minimal functional recovery. IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α displayed sigmoidal dose-response profiles with high goodness-of-fit values (R
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Registered trials
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