Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41899645›Full record

ArticleCancers2026

Lymph Node Assessment with Multiparametric Ultrasound: Normal Values, Morphologic Patterns, and Diagnostic Algorithms.

Kathleen Möller, Christian Jenssen, Markus Herbert Lerchbaumer, Alois Hollerweger, Madhvi Yadav, Manjiri Dighe, Carla Serra, Andrea Boccatonda, Siegbert Faiss, Christoph Frank Dietrich

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cancers, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Kathleen MöllerMedical Department I/Gastroenterology, SANA Hospital Lichtenberg, 10365 Berlin, Germany.ORCID 0009-0002-9492-0141
Christian JenssenDepartment of Internal Medicine, Krankenhaus Märkisch Oderland, 15344 Strausberg, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-7008-6650
Markus Herbert LerchbaumerDepartment of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-1151-9935
Alois HollerwegerDepartment of Radiology, Hospital Barmherzige Brüder, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
Madhvi YadavDepartment of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Manjiri DigheDepartment of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Carla SerraDiagnostic and Therapeutic Interventional Ultrasound Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, Via Massarenti N 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-5555-0745
Andrea BoccatondaDiagnostic and Therapeutic Interventional Ultrasound Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, Via Massarenti N 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-9303-7790
Siegbert FaissMedical Department I/Gastroenterology, SANA Hospital Lichtenberg, 10365 Berlin, Germany.
Christoph Frank DietrichCenter of Excellence and Education, Haldenweg 11A, 3626 Thun, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-6015-6347

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND/

objectivesTranscutaneous ultrasound (US) is the first-line imaging modality for detecting and characterizing lymph nodes (LNs), enabling further lesion discrimination regarding potential malignancy. Accurate interpretation requires both knowledge of normal reference values and a multiparametric diagnostic approach.

methodsThis narrative review was based on a comprehensive literature review.

resultsThe article summarizes current evidence on normal LN morphology and measurements in B-mode US, color Doppler imaging (CDI), elastography, and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). Typical sonomorphologic features of benign and malignant LNs, including size, shape, echogenicity, vascular patterns, stiffness, and perfusion characteristics, are presented alongside corresponding reference values from published studies. The diagnostic limitations and overlaps between normal, inflammatory, and malignant LNs are highlighted, emphasizing potential pitfalls in interpretation. Multiparametric ultrasound combining B-mode, CDI, elastography, and CEUS enhances diagnostic confidence, reduces the need for invasive procedures, and supports standardized LN assessment in clinical and oncologic practice.

conclusionsThis article is part of a series on normal reference values in US imaging. Knowledge of normal values and integration of multiparametric findings form the basis for accurate LN characterization and reduce the need for invasive diagnostics.

Indexed as

lymph nodesmultiparametric ultrasoundreference valuestranscutaneous ultrasound

Identifiers

PMID41899645
PMCPMC13024940

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.