Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41899142›Full record

ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2026

Evidence on SGLT2 Inhibitors' Efficacy in Older and Frail Patients.

Anna Kochanowska, Artur Mamcarz, Marcin Wełnicki

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Anna Kochanowska3rd Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 04-749 Warsaw, Poland.ORCID 0009-0006-3051-5269
Artur Mamcarz3rd Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 04-749 Warsaw, Poland.
Marcin Wełnicki3rd Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 04-749 Warsaw, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-7454-521X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have proven their favorable cardiovascular and nephroprotective benefits in large randomized-controlled trials (RCTs). Given that older adults constitute a substantial part of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), heart failure (HF), and chronic kidney disease (CKD), they are the primary target population for SGLT2 inhibitor therapy. However, their representation in clinical trials remains low and it does not reflect the real-life heterogeneity of this group of patients. As chronological age alone does not adequately reflect the biological age, it is important to evaluate older adults using a multidimensional approach, particularly with regard to frailty. This review aims to summarize and critically appraise the available evidence regarding the efficacy of SGLT2 inhibitors in older and frail adults, with a focus on age-specific outcomes, such as cognitive outcomes, risk of sarcopenia, functional activity and current gaps in evidence related to frailty.

Indexed as

efficacyfrailtyolder adultsSGLT2 inhibitors

Identifiers

PMID41899142
PMCPMC13027104

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.