ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2026
Nanoparticle-Based Approaches for Enhancing In Vitro Fertilization in Animal Reproduction.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Ovarian Function, Hormonal, Metabolic, Oxidative Stress, and Gene Expression Biomarker Responses of Holstein Heifers Under Heat Stress Conditions to a Reduced Dose of Nanofabricated GnRH Analog Within the Ovsynch Protocol.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Nanotechnology, based on nanoparticles, has become an emerging interdisciplinary tool in reproductive biotechnology, offering innovative opportunities to improve fertilization efficiency and reproductive performance in farm animals. The purpose of this review is to provide an updated synthesis of current research on nanoparticle-based approaches that enhance in vitro fertilization outcomes and other assisted reproductive technologies. The focus is on the biological mechanisms, potential benefits, and limitations of nanoparticle use in animal reproduction. Nanoparticles-including gold, silver, zinc oxide, selenium, and magnetic iron oxide-exhibit distinctive physicochemical properties that enable targeted interactions with gametes and reproductive cells. When used in semen extenders or culture media, nanoparticles improve sperm motility, acrosome and membrane integrity, and reduce oxidative stress and apoptosis. These effects contribute to enhanced fertilization rates and higher embryo developmental competence. In addition, nanoparticles can function as carriers for hormones, antioxidants, and growth factors, stabilizing reagents essential for oocyte maturation, sperm capacitation, and early embryo culture. The review also discusses nanopurification (selectively isolating and removing particles) and nanosorting (separating or organizing nanoscale objects) techniques that allow for non-invasive selection of viable gametes, and fluorescence- and magnet-assisted sorting systems that increase precision in sperm sexing. The mechanical aspects of nanoparticle-cell interactions are analyzed, emphasizing the influence of particle size, dose, and surface modification on both biological efficacy and cytotoxicity. Safety, toxicological concerns, and regulatory frameworks-including International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and European Commission recommendations-are critically reviewed to highlight the need for harmonized biocompatibility criteria. Although nanoparticle use in animal reproduction remains largely experimental, accumulated evidence demonstrates its potential to improve reproductive efficiency and reduce economic losses. Integrating nanoparticle-based systems with existing reproduction platforms may represent a transformative step toward sustainable and precision-driven livestock breeding.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.