Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41898391›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2026

Metallomic Analysis of Vitreous Humor of the Human Eye-A Post-Mortem Multielemental Study.

Alicja Forma, Michał Flieger, Beata Kowalska, Jolanta Flieger, Andrzej Torbicz, Jacek Bogucki, Grzegorz Teresiński, Ryszard Maciejewski, Robert Rejdak, Joanna Dolar-Szczasny and 2 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Alicja FormaDepartment of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-810 Lublin, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-8714-7627
Michał FliegerDepartment of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-810 Lublin, Poland.
Beata KowalskaDepartment of Water Supply and Wastewater Disposal, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-2489-1904
Jolanta FliegerDepartment of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-6881-3161
Andrzej TorbiczDepartment of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
Jacek BoguckiFaculty of Medicine, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1 H, 20-708 Lublin, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-8683-545X
Grzegorz TeresińskiDepartment of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-810 Lublin, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-4184-9305
Ryszard MaciejewskiInstitute of Health Sciences, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1 H, 20-708 Lublin, Poland.
Robert RejdakDepartment of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-079 Lublin, Poland.
Joanna Dolar-SzczasnyDepartment of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-079 Lublin, Poland.
Weronika PająkDepartment of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-810 Lublin, Poland.ORCID 0009-0009-9616-0458
Jacek BajDepartment of Correct, Clinical, and Imaging Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-1372-8987

Funding

Medical University of Lublin DS466
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The elemental composition of the vitreous humor may reflect physiological and pathological processes occurring in the eye. The objective of this study was to provide a complex multielemental analysis of human vitreous humor. Vitreous humor samples (n = 57) were collected post-mortem during autopsies. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was employed to quantify micro-, trace-, ultra-trace, and toxic elements. The study showed the occurrence of elements at the ppm (Na, K, P, Ca, Mg), ppb (Al, Rb, Zn, Fe, Sr, Cu), and ppt (Ce, La, Nd, Tb) levels. Hierarchical clustering using Ward's method and k-means analysis revealed four distinct clusters, including two major clusters representing the baseline macro- and microelement profile characteristic for the studied population. Correlations between elements revealed statistically significant (

Indexed as

MetalsTrace ElementsVitreous BodyAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAutopsyFemaleHumansMaleMass SpectrometryMiddle AgedMetalsTrace Elementsautopsyhuman eyeICP-MSmetallomicsmicronutrientsmultielemental analysispost-mortem studytoxic metalstrace elementsvitreous humor

Identifiers

PMID41898391
PMCPMC13026291

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.