Investigation of Pitch and Tone Preference of Preschool Children in Mandarin.

Minmin Yin, Surina Zhang, Hongyun Zhu, Jieyi Huang, Shengnan Ge, Baoming Li

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Minmin YinZhejiang Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory for Research in Early Development and Childcare, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.

Surina ZhangZhejiang Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory for Research in Early Development and Childcare, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.

Hongyun ZhuHangzhou Normal University Affiliated Sci- and Tech-City Kindergarten, Hangzhou 311121, China.

Jieyi HuangZhejiang Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory for Research in Early Development and Childcare, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.

Shengnan GeDepartment of Education and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.

Baoming LiZhejiang Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory for Research in Early Development and Childcare, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.ORCID 0009-0006-1554-9700

Funding

the Humanities and Social Science Project of the Ministry of Education of China 22YJC740094

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Child-directed speech (CDS) is characterized by a suite of exaggerated acoustic features, with elevated fundamental frequency (pitch) being a prominent and widely adopted component. While caregivers and educators frequently use high-pitch speech with young children, its perceptual preference among preschool-aged children, particularly in tonal languages like Mandarin, remains empirically unclear. This study aimed to investigate Mandarin-speaking preschoolers' explicit preferences for manipulated pitch levels at the sentence frame while also examining the potential influence of lexical tone. Ninety-four children aged 3-6 years completed a binary forced-choice preference task. They listened to sentences systematically varying in three pitch levels (high, normal, low F

Indexed as

Mandarinpitch preferencepreschool childrentone preference

Identifiers

PMID41898121

DOI10.3390/bs16030460

PMCPMC13024090

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.